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统计出现过一次的公共字符串

给你两个字符串数组 words1 和 words2 ,请你返回在两个字符串数组中 都恰好出现一次 的字符串的数目。 示例 1: 输入: words1 = ["leetcode","is","amazing","as","is"], words2 = ["amazing","leetcode","is…

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简单 · 数组·哈希·扫描

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答案摘要

我们可以用两个哈希表 和 分别统计两个字符串数组中每个字符串出现的次数,然后遍历其中一个哈希表,如果某个字符串在另一个哈希表中出现了一次,且在当前哈希表中也出现了一次,则答案加一。 时间复杂度 $O(n + m)$,空间复杂度 $O(n + m)$。其中 和 分别是两个字符串数组的长度。

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description

题目描述

给你两个字符串数组 words1 和 words2 ,请你返回在两个字符串数组中 都恰好出现一次 的字符串的数目。

 

示例 1:

输入:words1 = ["leetcode","is","amazing","as","is"], words2 = ["amazing","leetcode","is"]
输出:2
解释:
- "leetcode" 在两个数组中都恰好出现一次,计入答案。
- "amazing" 在两个数组中都恰好出现一次,计入答案。
- "is" 在两个数组中都出现过,但在 words1 中出现了 2 次,不计入答案。
- "as" 在 words1 中出现了一次,但是在 words2 中没有出现过,不计入答案。
所以,有 2 个字符串在两个数组中都恰好出现了一次。

示例 2:

输入:words1 = ["b","bb","bbb"], words2 = ["a","aa","aaa"]
输出:0
解释:没有字符串在两个数组中都恰好出现一次。

示例 3:

输入:words1 = ["a","ab"], words2 = ["a","a","a","ab"]
输出:1
解释:唯一在两个数组中都出现一次的字符串是 "ab" 。

 

提示:

  • 1 <= words1.length, words2.length <= 1000
  • 1 <= words1[i].length, words2[j].length <= 30
  • words1[i] 和 words2[j] 都只包含小写英文字母。
lightbulb

解题思路

方法一:哈希表计数

我们可以用两个哈希表 cnt1cnt1cnt2cnt2 分别统计两个字符串数组中每个字符串出现的次数,然后遍历其中一个哈希表,如果某个字符串在另一个哈希表中出现了一次,且在当前哈希表中也出现了一次,则答案加一。

时间复杂度 O(n+m)O(n + m),空间复杂度 O(n+m)O(n + m)。其中 nnmm 分别是两个字符串数组的长度。

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class Solution:
    def countWords(self, words1: List[str], words2: List[str]) -> int:
        cnt1 = Counter(words1)
        cnt2 = Counter(words2)
        return sum(v == 1 and cnt2[w] == 1 for w, v in cnt1.items())
speed

复杂度分析

指标
时间complexity is O(n + m) where n and m are the lengths of words1 and words2, since each array is scanned once and hash lookups are constant time. Space complexity is O(n + m) for storing frequency counts in hash maps.
空间Depends on the final approach
psychology

面试官常问的追问

外企场景
  • question_mark

    Are you tracking frequency efficiently without nested loops?

  • question_mark

    Did you consider strings that appear more than once in one array?

  • question_mark

    Can you achieve linear time using hash tables for this problem?

warning

常见陷阱

外企场景
  • error

    Counting strings that appear multiple times in one array.

  • error

    Using nested loops instead of hash maps, increasing time complexity.

  • error

    Forgetting to check both arrays for exactly one occurrence.

swap_horiz

进阶变体

外企场景
  • arrow_right_alt

    Count strings appearing at least once in both arrays instead of exactly once.

  • arrow_right_alt

    Count strings appearing exactly k times in both arrays.

  • arrow_right_alt

    Return the list of strings that satisfy the one-occurrence condition instead of just the count.

help

常见问题

外企场景

统计出现过一次的公共字符串题解:数组·哈希·扫描 | LeetCode #2085 简单