LeetCode 题解工作台

二叉搜索树中的众数

给你一个含重复值的二叉搜索树(BST)的根节点 root ,找出并返回 BST 中的所有 众数 (即,出现频率最高的元素)。 如果树中有不止一个众数,可以按 任意顺序 返回。 假定 BST 满足如下定义: 结点左子树中所含节点的值 小于等于 当前节点的值 结点右子树中所含节点的值 大于等于 当前节点…

category

4

题型

code_blocks

5

代码语言

hub

3

相关题

当前训练重点

简单 · 二分·树·traversal

bolt

答案摘要

class Solution: def findMode(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:

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description

题目描述

给你一个含重复值的二叉搜索树(BST)的根节点 root ,找出并返回 BST 中的所有 众数(即,出现频率最高的元素)。

如果树中有不止一个众数,可以按 任意顺序 返回。

假定 BST 满足如下定义:

  • 结点左子树中所含节点的值 小于等于 当前节点的值
  • 结点右子树中所含节点的值 大于等于 当前节点的值
  • 左子树和右子树都是二叉搜索树

 

示例 1:

输入:root = [1,null,2,2]
输出:[2]

示例 2:

输入:root = [0]
输出:[0]

 

提示:

  • 树中节点的数目在范围 [1, 104]
  • -105 <= Node.val <= 105

 

进阶:你可以不使用额外的空间吗?(假设由递归产生的隐式调用栈的开销不被计算在内)

lightbulb

解题思路

方法一

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# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def findMode(self, root: TreeNode) -> List[int]:
        def dfs(root):
            if root is None:
                return
            nonlocal mx, prev, ans, cnt
            dfs(root.left)
            cnt = cnt + 1 if prev == root.val else 1
            if cnt > mx:
                ans = [root.val]
                mx = cnt
            elif cnt == mx:
                ans.append(root.val)
            prev = root.val
            dfs(root.right)

        prev = None
        mx = cnt = 0
        ans = []
        dfs(root)
        return ans
speed

复杂度分析

指标
时间O(n)
空间O(1)
psychology

面试官常问的追问

外企场景
  • question_mark

    Can the candidate demonstrate efficient tree traversal and state tracking simultaneously?

  • question_mark

    Does the candidate understand how to manage space complexity while maintaining correctness?

  • question_mark

    How well does the candidate optimize the solution for large input sizes?

warning

常见陷阱

外企场景
  • error

    Not considering the constant space complexity requirement for the final result array.

  • error

    Forgetting to handle cases with multiple modes or ensuring that all modes are returned in the correct format.

  • error

    Not accounting for the tree's potentially large size and failing to optimize the space and time complexity accordingly.

swap_horiz

进阶变体

外企场景
  • arrow_right_alt

    What if the tree is unbalanced? Does the solution still work efficiently?

  • arrow_right_alt

    How would the solution change if the problem required identifying the k most frequent elements instead of all modes?

  • arrow_right_alt

    Can the solution be modified to return the mode with the lowest value if there are multiple modes?

help

常见问题

外企场景

二叉搜索树中的众数题解:二分·树·traversal | LeetCode #501 简单