LeetCode 题解工作台

二叉树的前序遍历

给你二叉树的根节点 root ,返回它节点值的 前序 遍历。 示例 1: 输入: root = [1,null,2,3] 输出: [1,2,3] 解释: 示例 2: 输入: root = [1,2,3,4,5,null,8,null,null,6,7,9] 输出: [1,2,4,5,6,7,3,8,…

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code_blocks

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代码语言

hub

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相关题

当前训练重点

简单 · 二分·树·traversal

bolt

答案摘要

我们先访问根节点,然后递归左子树和右子树。 时间复杂度 ,空间复杂度 。其中 是二叉树的节点数,空间复杂度主要取决于递归调用的栈空间。

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description

题目描述

给你二叉树的根节点 root ,返回它节点值的 前序 遍历。

 

示例 1:

输入:root = [1,null,2,3]

输出:[1,2,3]

解释:

示例 2:

输入:root = [1,2,3,4,5,null,8,null,null,6,7,9]

输出:[1,2,4,5,6,7,3,8,9]

解释:

示例 3:

输入:root = []

输出:[]

示例 4:

输入:root = [1]

输出:[1]

 

提示:

  • 树中节点数目在范围 [0, 100]
  • -100 <= Node.val <= 100

 

进阶:递归算法很简单,你可以通过迭代算法完成吗?

lightbulb

解题思路

方法一:递归遍历

我们先访问根节点,然后递归左子树和右子树。

时间复杂度 O(n)O(n),空间复杂度 O(n)O(n)。其中 nn 是二叉树的节点数,空间复杂度主要取决于递归调用的栈空间。

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# Definition for a binary tree node.
# class TreeNode:
#     def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
#         self.val = val
#         self.left = left
#         self.right = right
class Solution:
    def preorderTraversal(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> List[int]:
        def dfs(root):
            if root is None:
                return
            ans.append(root.val)
            dfs(root.left)
            dfs(root.right)

        ans = []
        dfs(root)
        return ans
speed

复杂度分析

指标
时间complexity is O(n) because each node is visited once. Space complexity is O(h) for recursion or O(n) for the stack in the worst case, where n is the number of nodes and h is the tree height.
空间Depends on the final approach
psychology

面试官常问的追问

外企场景
  • question_mark

    Looking for correct preorder sequence adherence and null handling.

  • question_mark

    Checking if candidate differentiates between recursion and iterative stack approaches.

  • question_mark

    Assessing ability to track traversal state without missing leaf nodes.

warning

常见陷阱

外企场景
  • error

    Pushing left child after right child incorrectly, reversing preorder order.

  • error

    Forgetting to check for null nodes, causing runtime errors.

  • error

    Assuming all trees are complete and not handling sparse trees properly.

swap_horiz

进阶变体

外企场景
  • arrow_right_alt

    Inorder and postorder traversal with similar state-tracking logic.

  • arrow_right_alt

    Binary tree with additional constraints, such as skipping certain values.

  • arrow_right_alt

    Traversals returning node objects instead of values for processing.

help

常见问题

外企场景

二叉树的前序遍历题解:二分·树·traversal | LeetCode #144 简单